Governor.



\ E..P. coLEMAN.

envianos.

(Application med July 5, 1901.)

(un Model.) M 42 sham-3h59: 2.

I un l IIIIHW/I//I//l @Il n "In j Illlmum crossing of arms,whichnecessitates many UNITED STATES- 'PATENT' FFICE.

`EDGAR P. COLEMAN, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS."

eovfE-RNOQR.

SPECIFICATION forming pere efmeaers rement No. 712,498, dated November4, 1902.

Appneenen tied .my 5. 1901.

To @ZZ w/wm, it may concern.:A i I Be it known that I, EDGAR'P. COLEMAN,of the city of Chicago, county of Cook, and State of Illinois, vhaveinvented certain new and useful Improvement-sin Governors, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements iu governors, and I has particularreference to the pseudo-astatic class of fiy-ball governors. Thepseudo-astatic iiy-ball governors as heretofore constructed havedepended for their,` astatic operation upon having the centrifugalmoments increase or decrease in a ratio approximating the ratio' of`change in the gravity moments, the latter remaining substantially thesame as in the common formof static ily-ball governors. On account ofthis relation of varying moments the construction of the governors hasbeen objectionable,either on account of its abnormal total length andmoving parts, or on account of the still more complex structure of thegovernor when an arrangement is adapted whereby the length is notincreased. Moreover, the tendency to race or hunt in' `thepseudo-astatic governors now in use increases rapidly the nearer astaticthey are made, and for practical pur,- poses they are accordinglypurposely so designed that they shall not be approximately astatic. Forthis reason they have a smaller change in height for acorrespondingchange in speedthan is desirable. Moreover, it becomesnecessary to make the parts of relatively great weight in orderto'overcome the hurtful effects of internal friction.

The object of my invention is to improve` the construction of governors,to the end that the same may act quickly and powerfully upon any changeof speed to control the prime mover.

A further object of my invention is to reduce the number of moving partsof a governor and the friction of the same.

My invention consists in the combination, in a governor, of ad-ierential fly-bail arrangement comprising spindle, two `,crank-levers,cach having flyballs mounted upon its arms and pivoted. to swing uponopposite sides of said spindle, soithat the gravity moments of bothballs ofeach lever act together, while the centrifugalmoments of thesame act in Serial No. 67.099. (No model.)

opposition tov eachother, and means for connecting the said levers andthe engine-valve gear.V

My inventionalso consists in the arrangement of parts ina governorhaving the iiy- 1 balls pivoted onihorizontal axes, so that the force ofinertia may be employed to assist centrifugal force in moving thelevers,l whereby the governoris rendered powerful.

My invention further consistsin the combination, in a governor, `of thedifferential flyballs and the arrangement of parts whereby the .inertiaof the same may be employed to assist the centrifugal forces, therebyproducing a governor which is highly astatic and at the same time highlypowerful.

My invention will be more readily understood `by reference to theaccompanying drawings, forming part of this specification, and in whichy 4Figure l is a plan view of my governor. Fig.` 2 is a side elevation,the fly-wheel being shown in section, taken on line 2x 2X of Fig. '1.Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on line 3V 3y of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a sideelevation at right angles to that shown in Fig. 2, a portion of 'thefly-wheel being shown in section. Fig. 5 is `a vertical section of alower y-ball and connections, taken on linehu 5, Fig. 4. Fig. 6 shows aninertia-weight and iy ball connecting link. In the form of my deviceshown in the' drawings; A is the vertical spindle to be connected to anddriven from the engine in the usual manner. V

B'is a short horizontal shaftsecured in the upper portion of spindle A.C C are two bell-crank levers journaled upon shaft B and arranged tooperate upon opposite sides of said spindle A. The said bell-cranklevers are bifurcated at their elbows, whereby they are each adapted toengage shaft B on both sides of spindle A. The upper arms c of thebell-crank levers Care made shorter than the lower arms c, and to thefree ends of each of the arms c' and c is attached a fly-ball D. Thelowerfly`iballs are provided with shafts or spindles E, and to theseshafts or spindles E are pivoted yoke-ended links F, which connect topivot G on the slider H.

Upon spindle A, at a point intermediate of rco Ithe shaft B and sliderH, is journaled an inertia-weight or {ily-wheel K, held in position onspindle A by two collars a a', one of which is preferably fast upon saidspindle and the other screw-threaded thereto. The inertiaweight ory-wheel K is provided with apertures k 75'. near the outer face and onopposite sides of the spindle A for the passage therethrough and freeplay therein of the lower fly-balls and connected parts. On the upperside of the inertia-weight or fly-wheel upon a diameter substantially atright angles to the diameter' passing through the apertures 7c" are twoseats k3, provided with tapped holes for the reception of bearing pinsor screws 7a4. Links L connect at one end with a bearing pin or screw h4and at the other end with a lower fly-ball arm c", as shown in Fig. 5,and held in place oy a shoulder Z, turned on the ball D, and ascrewthreaded nut Z on the arm. It is obvious that links L might haveball-and-socket or other pivotal connections at their ends,where by theywould be adapted to move freely in the various positions of the arms;but I prefer the form of connections shown. By so locating the axes ofthe bearing pins or screws 7a4 and arms c" that they intersect the axisof the spindle A at the same point two triangles are formed, asindicated by dotted lines, Figs. 3 and 4, each havinga link L and itspivoted axes for the sides, which are of fixed length, for the linkengages the fly-ball arm at a point which remains a fixed distance fromthe common meeting-point of the axes, the length of the link is fixed,and the remaining side of each triangle is also fixed in length, for thepoint at which the link is pivoted to the inertia-weight or ily-wheelbeing carried by the said inertia-Weight or Hywheel is caused to travelin the circumference of a circle which is held at a xed distance fromthe common meeting-point of the axes. It is evident from thisconstruction that Whichever pivoted axis of the link is held fixed theother end of the link willtravel in a true circle about it, and as aconsequence cylindrical pivoted bearings between the links and they-ball arms and the bearing pins or screws on theinertia-weight ory-wheel may be employed and without liability of any cramping action.

The operation of my device is substantially as follows: Assuming thegovernor, as shown in Fig. 3, to be rotatingr in the direction of thearrow beneath said figure and that the spindle is given an increment ofspeed, the inertia-weight or iiy-wheel K, being loosely journaled uponthe spindle', tends to lag behind, as indicatedin dotted lines, Fig. 3,and byineans of its toggle connection with the lower fly-ball armsthrough links L its inertia is communicated to said ball-arms, assistingcentrifugal force in forcing them outward,and thereby positivelyovercoming the starting friction of the moving parts. If, on the otherhand, we assume that there is a decrement of speed taken from thespindle, then the inertia-weight or fly-wheel tends to run ahead of thespindle and by means of its toggle connection with the ily-ball armswill coperate with the decrease in centrifugal force to draw said armsin toward the axis of rotation. The

inertia-weight orAy-wheel having given up y ver act together and not inopposition while the centrifugal moments of the balls on each arm act inopposition the sum of the gravity moments on each lever remains nearer afixed quantity than in other governors, for it will be noted that whilethe arm through which gravity acts upon the lower ball increases as thesine of the angle between the spindle and fly-ball arm the arm throughwhich gravity acts on the upper ball decreases as the cosine of theangle. Moreover, it is apparent that while the sum of thegravity momentsvaries for the different angles it reaches its maximum near the angle atwhich the centrifugal moments attain their maximum, Whereas in thecommon form of governor the maximum arm through which gravity acts is attheangle where the centrifugal armis ataminimum. The result of havingnearer uniform gravity moments for the various positions of the iiyballsand having their maximum at or near the same angle at which thecentrifugal moments attain their maximum, being` that for the'normalspeed, the gravity moments vary substantially in proportion to thevariation in the centrifugal moments, and When the speed departs fromthe normal a larger change in height at once results than is practicalin the so-called pseudo-astatic governors heretofore in use. In mygovernor the high power of the same is obtained by providing an inertiamass, which is mounted to move relatively to the spindle, and it isevident -that so far as the action of the inertia forces is concerned itmight be located in the flyball arms, provided the latter are madecapable of a rotation relative to the spindle. It is therefore apparentthat I may replace the inertia-weight or fly-wheel shown in the drawingswith suitable means for supporting the bearing pins or screws 7a4 infixed posif tion upon the spindle, transfer the mass of inertia-weightor fly-wheel to the fly-balls, and connect the fly-ball levers so thatthey may revolve relatively to the spindle. By the employment ofinertia-weight or ily-wheel, as shown, my governor is rendered highlypowerful and without accomplishing the result at the expense ofcorrespondingly increased fric? IOO IIO

tion, for by jou rnaling the inertiaiweight upon the spindle and conuecting it. with the iiy-ball arms by links L, as indicated in thedrawings,

the eXtra weight introduced into'the governor as a whole is supported bythespindle and not by the movableparts connect-ed lo the valve,-and as aconsequence thereof the friction of the movable parts is not increasedby the. introduction of this additional weight."

Moreover, by the employment ofthe inertiaweight or fly-wheel shown I amenabled to make the movable parts ot' my governor of relatively lightweight, and by locating the pivotal journals at substantially rightangles to the directions of the forces acting to move the respectiveparts-the frictionof said movable parts is reduced to a minimum. As aconsequence of this reduction of friction ai still less variation in thespeed of the governor is necessary to cause achange in position of themovable parts. i

While I have confined my description to the construction shown in thedrawings, itis evident that many changes and modifications of the samemay be made without departing from the spirit and scope of myinvention.

l/Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Inagovernorhavingaspindleandslider, the combination of pivotal armscarried by said spindle, an inertia-weight longitudinally fixed uponsaid spindle and so mounted as to normally rotate in unison withsaidspindlev and connecting-links, the combination of an inertia-weightmounted to revolve relative to the spindle, in a fixed plane at rightangles thereto and means for communicating the inertia of said weight tothe connecting-links, whereby said links are moved out of their givenposition when there is a change in the relative rate of speed of spindleand weight.

4. The combination of a slider, a spindle,

arms pivoted thereon and adapted to rotate inunison with said spindle,an inertia-weight mounted upon and adapted to rotate relative l to saidspindle, connectinglinks having cylindrical `journal connections betweensaid inertia-weight and said arms'and means connecting said arms withsaid slider.

5. In a governor havinga spindle and slider, ily-balls and pivoted armsconnected thereto, the combination of an inertia-Weight or iiywheel,iixedly journaled with relation to-the said spindle and means forcommunicating the inertia of saidweight or iiy-wheel to the y-ball arms.i

6. In a governor having-a vertical spindle,

a slider and iiy-ball arms `,thereon,'the com-` bination of aninertia-weight or fly-wheel mounted on `said spindle to rotate in afixed plane and means' for communicating the inertiaof said weight orfly-wheel to the iiy-ball arms. i i f' 7; In a governor havinga verticalspindle, a sliderand iiy-ball arms connected to said spindle and slider,the combination of an inertia-weight or ily-wheelV loosely mounted withrelation to said spindle and revoluble in a fixed plane, and linksconnecting saidinertia-weight or iiy-wheel and the said iiy-ball arms.

i f8. In'agovernorhavingaspindleand slider, the combination ofdifferential ily-balls and levers, means connecting said ily-balls withsaid slider, an inertia-weight or iiy-wheel loosely mounted but fixed asto its plane of rotation and adapted to rotate with said spindle andmeans for transmitting the inertia of said weight or ily-wheel tosaidlevers.

`9. In a governor having a spindle and slider,

the combination of the pairs of differential fly-balls and levers uponoppositesides of said spindle, means connecting said iiy-balls with saidslider, an inertia-weight or fly-wheel loosely mounted upon said spindleand adapted to rotate therewith, and means for transmitting the inertiaof said weight or iiywheel to said levers.

10. In a governor having a spindle and slider, the combination ofdierential fly-balls and levers, means connecting said fly-balls ICOwith said slider, an inertia-weight or y-wheel loosely mounted upon saidspindle and adapted to rotate therewith, and links connecting saidinertia-weight or iiy-wheel with said levers. i i

11. In a governor having a slider and spini dle, the combination ofdifferential fly-balls and levers pivoted to said spindle and con-'nected with said slider, an inertia-weight or fly-wheel looselymountedupon' said spindle and adapted to `rotate therewith, linksconnecting said weight or fly-wheel with said levers whereby motionofthe weight or iiywheel about the spindle will be transmitted to saidlevers.

l2. In a governor the combination of a spini dle having a transverseshaft secured thereto, two bell-crank levers pivotedito said shaft,iiy-balls carried by saidlevers, an inertiaweight loosely` mounted uponsaid spindle,`

links having cylindrical bearings connecting the ends thereof withthesaid inertia-weight, and bell-crank levers and means whereby movementof said levers is communicated t the valve-gear. i

13. In a governor, the combination of a spindle, ball-arms, weights andsliders, the links operatively connecting said spindle and ball-arms andrelatively movable to the op- IIO eration of inertia to retract saidarms upon a decrement of speed of said spindle, and to project said armsupon an increment thereof.

14. In a y-ball governor, the combination With the spindle and slider ofthe ball-arms pivoted to said spindle and linked to said slider, theinertia-Weight fixed as to its plane of rotation and adapted forrotation with relation to said spindle and links connecting saidinertia-Weight with said y-ball arms, the pivotal axes of said arms andthe lastmentioned links, when projected, intersecting at a singlepointin said spindle, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand, in the presence of twowitnesses, this 1st day of July, 1901.

EDGAR P. COLEMAN.

Witnesses:

C. Gr. HAWLEY, J oHN F. BARTLETT.

